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Ancient Egyptian Multiplication

Egyptian multiplication, also known as the Egyptian method of multiplication or the Ethiopian multiplication, is an ancient and efficient method used for multiplying two numbers. It dates back to ancient Egypt and was employed by ancient Egyptians as early as 1800 BCE. The method is based on the concept of repeated doubling and addition.

The method may seem unusual compared to modern multiplication. but it was an effective technique during ancient times when this concept of addition is fundamental to the development of multiplication in mathematics. Multiplication can be seen as a shorthand or a repeated addition. The idea of multiplication arises naturally when one needs to perform repetitive additions of the same number. (No multiplication table)

Here’s how the Egyptian multiplication method works:


Example 12×15

Suppose we want to multiply A = 12 and B = 15.

Step 1: Create the columns.

Left Column (A) | Right Column (B)

12 x 15

———————————————————————-

1 | 15

2 | 30

4 | 60

8 | 120

Note# Left Column (A), 16 is greater than 12, stop doubling.

Step 2: Mark the rows with odd numbers in the left column.

Left Column (A) | Right Column (B)

12 x 15

———————————————————————-

1 | 15

2 | 30

*4 | 60

*8 | 120

Step 3: Add up the values in the right column corresponding to the marked rows. Sum of marked rows in the Right Column (B): 60+120 = 180.

So, 12 multiplied by 15 using the Egyptian multiplication method is equal to 180.

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